The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005 was awarded to two Australians for the study of bacteria. Helicobacter pylori. Which, as now established, is one of the reasons for stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers. Why 20 years after opening. Helicobacter. people still suffer from ulcers?.
Barry Marshall took another look at the test tube with a turbid fluid. Nothing good experiment is not promised, but it was too late to retreat, the decision taken. Barry sighed and drank the contents of the tube. Some time later, the researcher was sick, there were sharp pains in the abdomen. Physicians, to whom he appealed, was diagnosed with acute gastritis. Despite the pain, Marshall was happy - drunk in the liquid literally swarmed. Helicobacter pylori. Bacteria, which, he believed, are the causative agents of gastritis and gastric ulcer. The experiment was put to myself was the best proof of the correctness of the scientist.
A quarter-century, the Nobel Prize, he assured reporters: ... I would never have made this move if it had not been confident of success ... And medical researchers, Barry Marshall once called, and his colleagues at the Royal Hospital in Perth (Australia), Robin Warren ...
Plight of Nobel microbe.
pioneer. Helicobacter. was an Italian pathologist Giulio Bitstsetsero, who in 1892 discovered in the stomachs of dogs, strange spiral bacteria. However, the bacteria multiply suspect in captivity failed and forgotten about them for a long time.
In the twentieth century, most gastroenterologists sincerely believed that in the stomach, which produces hydrochloric acid, caustic, life can not exist. Gastritis and ulcers also occur due to stress and malnutrition. They were treated with a strict diet and drugs that regulate the acid-base exchange. However, even in those days, the most inquisitive researchers have had some doubts. ... At that time, scientists who argued that life is possible in the stomach, thought to put it mildly, insane, ... Not this cup and the Nobel Laureates.
In 1982, Australian researchers Barry Marshall and Robin Warren have announced that they were able to detect the bacterium residing in the human stomach and that causes gastritis and ulcers. Newly discovered microbe called. Helicobacter pylori. , Which translated from Latin means ... But only in 1994 the U.S. National Institutes of Health has recognized them right, and radically changed the method of treatment of gastritis and ulcers.
throughout the life.
In appearance. Helicobacter. is a spiral fitted with spikes, flagella. With their help the bacterium pierce the layer of mucus that protects the stomach wall and duodenum from the corrosive hydrochloric acid. for the most. Helicobacter. acid - no problem. Even Robin Warren found that it produced urease enzyme splits urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia, which partially neutralizes the acid. In addition,. Helicobacter. developed a clever defense mechanism of the immune system. The shell of its cells, like all bacteria, contains mucins, complexes of proteins and polysaccharides. but. Helicobacter. secretes the protein portion of these molecules in the inner layer, and the outside is completely covered with the same polysaccharide, which consists of mucus covering membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. As a result, the bacterium becomes invisible to the lymphocyte. Once you get into the mucosal cells, malignant germ poisons their products of its vital, protective mucus in the site of infection is no longer being produced and rushes into the damaged area of acid, which completes the dirty work: on the wall of the stomach or duodenal ulcer is formed. But this malicious action. Helicobacter. not limited.
Helicobacter - great and terrible.
The first reports of the researchers on the study. Helicobacter. reminiscent of reports from the front ... Helicobacter. created in the stomach of the colony, ... Helicobacter. destroys the lining, ... Helicobacter. 70% of the causes of stomach ulcers, and in 92 % of cases - the duodenum ... However, all these messages to dim the news that. Helicobacter. - The main cause of stomach cancer. In 1994 the International Agency for Research on Cancer has recognized his ... In 1996, Dr. Forman has shown that 75% of cases of gastric cancer in developed countries and about 90 % - are connected with the developing. Helicobacter. But that's not all. Recently, Maria Dzhismondo from the University of Milan found that. Helicobacter. - One of the main causes of migraines, Italian scientists from the University of Tor Vergata discovered that one of the strains of this bacterium can cause a stroke, according to the same European Study Group on. Helicobacter. It causes allergies and increases the risk of myocardial infarction!.
Most unpleasant of all that. Helicobacter pylori. - The most common infection in the world: it has infected nearly half the world's population. However, in the EU. Helicobacter. occurs in only 25-45 % of the population, but in Russia - about 70 %, and in Africa - almost 100%.
And you will be cured, and I?.
Fortunately, the. Helicobacter. very easily detected and destroyed with the help of antibiotics, but treatment is almost guaranteed to lead to overgrowth, as a result - a violation of the gastrointestinal tract, immune system and other side effects.
The ideal situation would be a vaccine, and prototypes have already been created. For example, Italian scientists have developed a vaccine based on attenuated bacteria. Helicobacter. Experiments on animals have shown that it can not only prevent disease but also cure the already existing. U.S. specialists from Antex Biologics began experiencing vaccine on humans. All this, however, does not mean that in a couple of years, we all go together to get vaccinated. Helicobacter.
The problem is that the bacterium not only causes damage to the body, but also brings him a favor. ... Helicobacter. More likely to suffer inflammation of the esophagus and stomach contents throwing back into the esophagus. Yes, and esophageal cancer occurs more frequently in these patients. If we now begin to carry out mass vaccination. Helicobacter pylori. To reduce the incidence of stomach cancer in 20-40 years we get an epidemic of esophageal cancer, ... The only reasonable way to him to be ...
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